PIC18F2X1X/4X1X
DS39636D-page 136
2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
14.4
PWM Mode
In Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) mode, the CCPx pin
produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output. Since
the CCP2 pin is multiplexed with a PORTB or PORTC
data latch, the appropriate TRIS bit must be cleared to
make the CCP2 pin an output.
Figure 14-3 shows a simplified block diagram of the
CCP module in PWM mode.
For a step-by-step procedure on how to set up the CCP
module for PWM operation, see Section 14.4.4
FIGURE 14-3:
SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK
DIAGRAM
A PWM output (Figure 14-4) has a time base (period)
and a time that the output stays high (duty cycle).
The frequency of the PWM is the inverse of the
period (1/period).
FIGURE 14-4:
PWM OUTPUT
14.4.1
PWM PERIOD
The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2
register. The PWM period can be calculated using the
following formula:
EQUATION 14-1:
PWM frequency is defined as 1/[PWM period].
When TMR2 is equal to PR2, the following three events
occur on the next increment cycle:
TMR2 is cleared
The CCPx pin is set (exception: if PWM duty
cycle = 0%, the CCPx pin will not be set)
The PWM duty cycle is latched from CCPRxL into
CCPRxH
14.4.2
PWM DUTY CYCLE
The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the
CCPRxL register and to the CCPxCON<5:4> bits. Up
to 10-bit resolution is available. The CCPRxL contains
the eight MSbs and the CCPxCON<5:4> contains the
two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by
CCPRxL:CCPxCON<5:4>. The following equation is
used to calculate the PWM duty cycle in time:
EQUATION 14-2:
CCPRxL and CCPxCON<5:4> can be written to at any
time but the duty cycle value is not latched into
CCPR2H until after a match between PR2 and TMR2
occurs (i.e., the period is complete). In PWM mode,
CCPRxH is a read-only register.
Note:
Clearing the CCP2CON register will force
the RB3 or RC1 output latch (depending
on device configuration) to the default
low level. This is not the PORTB or
PORTC I/O data latch.
CCPRxL
CCPRxH (Slave)
Comparator
TMR2
Comparator
PR2
(Note 1)
R
Q
S
Duty Cycle Registers
CCPxCON<5:4>
Clear Timer,
CCP1 pin and
latch D.C.
Note 1: The 8-bit TMR2 value is concatenated with 2-bit
internal Q clock, or 2 bits of the prescaler, to create the
10-bit time base.
CCPx Output
Corresponding
TRIS bit
Period
Duty Cycle
TMR2 = PR2
TMR2 = Duty Cycle
TMR2 = PR2
Note:
The Timer2 postscalers (see Section 12.0
“Timer2 Module”) are not used in the
determination of the PWM frequency. The
postscaler could be used to have a servo
update rate at a different frequency than
the PWM output.
PWM Period = [(PR2) + 1] 4 TOSC
(TMR2 Prescale Value)
PWM Duty Cycle = (CCPRXL:CCPXCON<5:4>)
TOSC (TMR2 Prescale Value)
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